油田采出水微波处理技术探讨

微波应用于油田采出水处理,具有辅助絮凝、杀菌、降低腐蚀的作用。实验表明:应用微波处理油田采出水,可使PAC(聚合氯化铝)加量减少20%、PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)减少30%,处理时间仅为常规工艺的1/4,微波处理60s可将采出水中的TGB(腐生菌)、FEB(铁细菌)、SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)杀死99%以上,与常规工艺相比,微波处理后水质腐蚀率可下降20%以上。     

石油开发对辽河油田湿地景观格局变化的影响分析

通过对1989-2009年20年间景观格局的空间分布、变化特征以及变化趋势分析,揭示了造成双台子河自然保护区环境变化的主要驱动力是人类活动和社会经济发展的影响,定量计算了石油开发对研究区域景观格局变化的影响。结果显示:1989-2009年双台河口自然保护区的土地利用类型发生了很大的变化,景观破碎度明显增加,人类活动导致保护区内的土地利用和景观格局也发生了明显变化,但油田开发在总的土地利用变化中的贡献率仅为4.6%。     

Feasibility of CO₂/SO₂ uptake enhancement of calcined limestone modified with rice husk ash during pressurized carbonation

The calcination/carbonation cycle using calcium-based sorbents appears to be a viable method for carbon dioxide (CO?) capture from combustion gases. Recent attempts to improve the CO?/SO? uptake of a calcium-based sorbent modified by using rice husk ash (RHA) in the hydration process have succeeded in enhancing its effectiveness. The optimal mole ratio of RHA to calcined limestone (M(Si/Ca)) was adjusted to 0.2. The cyclic CO? capture characteristics and the SO? uptake activity of the modified sorbent were evaluated in a calcination/pressurized carbonation reactor system. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of the sorbent were also taken to supplement the study. The results showed that the carbonation conversion was greatly increased for the sorbent with M(Si/Ca) ratio of 0.2. For this sorbent formulation the optimal operating conditions were 700-750 °C and 0.5-0.7 MPa. CO? absorption was not proportional to CO? concentration in the carbonation atmosphere, but was directly related to reaction time. The CO? uptake decreased in the presence of SO?. SO? uptake increased, and the total calcium utilization was maintained over multiple cycles. Analysis has shown that the silicate component is evenly or well distributed, and this serves as a framework to prevent sintering, thus preserving the available microstructure for reaction. The sorbent also displayed high activity to SO? absorption and could be used to capture CO? and SO? simultaneously.     

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland,Tianjin, China: occurrence,distribution characteristics,and ecological risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and ecological risks of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the surface waters of the...     

改性沸石去除微污染原水中的铊(Tl)

随着有色金属工业的发展,地表水的铊(Tl)污染问题已经对饮用水卫生安全构成严重威胁.在改性的基础上,采用实验室小试方法对"沸石吸附-混凝沉淀"工艺除Tl可行性及主要影响因素进行了研究。红外光谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,经壳聚糖改性后的沸石表面孔道增多,比表面积增大,有利于其吸附交换能力的提高.延长吸附时间和增加投加量,有利于去除效果的改善。对于Tl浓度不超过0.25μg/L的微污染原水,采用预先吸附10 min后进行混凝沉淀处理,可满足标准限值要求。改性沸石的吸附速度明显快于天然沸石。相对于单纯的混凝沉淀工艺而言,p H对"沸石吸附-混凝沉淀"工艺的影响更大。沸石除Tl最佳p H范围为8~9.5。综合考虑除Tl效果和对混凝沉淀的影响,改性沸石投加量宜控制在100~300 mg/L范围内。投加沸石对混凝除浊影响不大,低投加量下可以提高TOC去除率。     

混凝-纳滤集成工艺深度处理脱墨废水

采用混凝-纳滤工艺对脱墨废水生化出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明，当聚合氯化铝的投加量为100mg／L时，废水中污染物的综合去除性能最佳，其中浊度去除率达91％，色度去除率达74％。采用4种相同材质、不同切割分子量的纳滤膜进一步深度处理后，出水达到《再生水质标准（SL368—2006）》中锅炉用水控制指标的要求。